1. Introduction. - 1. 1 Accurate measurements from images. - 1. 2 Why use vision. - 1. 3 Why is visual metrology hard. - 1. 4 Applications and examples. - 1. 5 Summary. - 2. Related work. - 2. 1 Using one view. - 2. 2 Using two views. - 2. 3 Using three or more views. - 2. 4 Partial calibration. - 2. 5 Parallax-based approaches. - 2. 6 Investigation of accuracy. - 2. 7 Projective geometry and history of art. - Background geometry and notation. - 3. 1 Camera models and perspective mappings. - 3. 2 Radial distortion correction. - 3. 3 Vanishing points and vanishing lines. - 3. 4 Uncertainty analysis. - Metrology on planes. - 4. 1 Estimating the homography. - 4. 2 Uncertainty analysis. - 4. 3 Application a plane measuring device. - 4. 4 Duality and homologies. - 5. Single-view metrology. - 5. 1 Geometry. - 5. 2 Algebraic representation. - 5. 3 Uncertainty analysis. - 5. 4 Three-dimensional metrology from a single view. - 5. 5 Applications. - 5. 6 Missing base point. - 6. Metrology from planar parallax. - 6. 1 Background. - 6. 2 Geometry and duality. - 6. 3 Scene reconstruction. - 6. 4 Uncertainty analysis. - Gallery of examples. - 7. 1 Reconstruction from photographs. - 7. 2 Reconstruction from paintings. - 7. 3 Discussion. - 8. Conclusion. - 8. 1 Summary. - 8. 2 Discussion. - 8. 3 Future work. - A. Metrology on planes computing uncertainty in the homography. - B. Maximum likelihood estimation of end points for isotropic uncertainties. - C. Single-view metrology variance of distance between planes. - C. 1 Covariance of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) end points. - D. Single-view metrology variance of the affine parameter ?. - E. Metrology from planar parallax derivations. - E. 1 Computing the motion constraints. - E. 2 Computing distances of points from planes directly in the images. - F. Metrology from planar parallax variance of distances. - F. 1Definitions. - References. Language: English